Animal diets now a days contain a wide range of plant-based materials, as well as rendered animals and animal waste, antibiotics, and vitamins. Various feed components are utilised in the meal, depending on the animal. Animals will need to be supplemented during late pregnancy, early lactation, or rapid growth to ensure that requirements are satisfied. The required nutrients by each animal differs according on body weight, milk output, milk fat, and other factors. As an outcome, the feed formulation tool can now be developed using a variety of unique ration formulation methods, such as linear programming, stochastic programming, and goal programming. Many programmes exist that create rations for various livestock species using the most cost-effective feeds available. It will also help the farmer choose feeds that fulfil the ration’s nutritional needs. ICAR-NIANP Smart Tools, Dairy cattle nutrition and feed calculator, Application for Least-Cost Ration Formulation, and Feed Chart are only a few examples.