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Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science
[ ISSN : 2833-0536 ]


Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wildlife and their Spread, Focus on the Mediterranean Basin

Review Article
Volume 3 - Issue 1 | Article DOI : 10.54026/CJDVS1032


Milva Pepi1* and Silvano Focardi2

1Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Center, Italy
2Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy

Corresponding Authors

Milva Pepi, Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Center, Viale Adriatico, 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy

Keywords

Antibiotic Resistance; Wildlife; Genetic Determinants of Resistance; Priority Pathogens; Mediterranean Basin

Received : January 20, 2022
Published : February 01, 2022

Abstract

Overuse of antibiotics in hospitals, animal husbandry and agriculture significantly contributed to the
onset of antibiotic resistance. The subsequent spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant
genes contributed to aggravating the problem. An important contributor to the spread of antibiotic resistance
is wildlife, which is ubiquitous and can move easily, thus contributing to the global spread of antibiotic
resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. The first antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from wildlife
were strains of
Escherichia coli obtained from pigeons and crows, with resistance to chloramphenicol and
multi-resistance, carrying conjugative R plasmids. The same strains of
Salmonella spp. resistant to tetracyclines
and strains of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been isolated from both wildlife,
livestock and humans, suggesting the presence of a common mechanism of spread. The Mediterranean basin
is important for the richness and uniqueness of its wildlife. The latter represents a mechanism for spread of
antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes. This mini-review focuses on antibiotic resistance
in wildlife in the Mediterranean basin, including the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria belonging to the
priority list of pathogenicity.