Motivation describes the reasons individuals behave as they do. Motivation psychologists’ have studied the individuals’ behavior (e.g., ability, strength, persistence) as well as their cognitions and emotional responses that affect them. Some researchers periodically mistake motivation with learning. Many psychologists attempted to recognize the individuals’ instincts or natural frame of mind that guides their behavior. First Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and motivation theories, their theorists, and contributions are discussed. Next motivation theorists are compared. Then there is a discussion of contemporary approaches to motivation that in part have been based on the heritage of the outstanding theories that have are partially addressed. Finally, it closes with a reflection on the future of motivational research.