Since 2011, the Caribbean region has experienced drastic changes in its ecological and socioeconomic dynamics due to the massive influx of macroalgae of the genus Sargassum. In Cuba, this problem began to manifest itself atypically in 2012. Upon reaching shallow coastal areas, their accumulation and decomposition generate “brown tides,” releasing toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H?S ) and methane. These disturbances degrade critical ecosystems such as coral reefs and seagrass beds, and severely impact economic sectors like artisanal fishing and tourism. Faced with this emergency, a new paradigm has emerged: the shift from considering Sargassum as “beach litter” to viewing it as a resource for the circular economy. This paper aims to synthesize the current state of knowledge on Sargassum dynamics in Cuba, analyzing its impact and the research conducted in the country. A total of 19 Cuban scientific publications were analyzed, focusing primarily on the use of Sargassum as a biofertilizer and on monitoring Sargassum influxes. No studies were found addressing other uses of the seaweed or examining the presence of contaminants within it.