Forensic science has become an indispensable component of modern criminal investigations, providing scientifically grounded methods for the identification of perpetrators and the reconstruction of criminal events. Advances in forensic genetics, digital forensics, and analytical technologies have significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of criminal investigations. The integration of scientific evidence into the criminal justice system strengthens the objectivity of judicial processes and reduces the risk of wrongful convictions. However, forensic science continues to face several challenges related to methodological standardization, interpretation of evidence, and technological adaptation. This mini-review examines the scientific foundations of forensic science, its role in contemporary criminal investigations, current challenges, and emerging technological developments that may shape the future of forensic practice.